Translated text is assigned with start and end times in a process known as timing to ensure subtitles appear when dialogue is spoken and disappear with the silence. Fansub groups sometimes translate other already translated fansubs that are more susceptible to more errors. The same series or episode may be subtitled by multiple groups with independent translations of varying quality. Then, a translator watches the video and produces a time-stamped text file of the screenplay with any relevant notes. The production of a fansub typically begins with obtaining the unsubtitled source video called a "raw" that typically comes from DVDs, VHS tapes, television broadcasts, peer-to-peer networks, and directly from Japanese-based contacts. Online fansubbing communities such as DameDesuYo are able to release a fully subtitled episode (including elaborate karaoke with translation, kana, and kanji for songs, as well as additional remarks and translations of signs) within 24 hours of an episode's debut in Japan.
The internet allows for highly collaborative fansubbing, and each member of a fansub team may only complete one task. Once it was completed, the master copy was sent to a distributor. The master was most often recorded onto S-VHS tape in an attempt to maximize quality, though some fansubbers used the less expensive VHS or Beta. The final output of the arrangement was then recorded. The hardware most often used was an Amiga computer, as most professional genlocks were prohibitively expensive.
The fansubber would playback the raw video through a computer equipped with a genlock in order to generate the subtitles and then overlay them on the raw signal. The next step was to produce one or more masters, a high-quality copy of the finished fansub from which many distribution copies could be made. The two most popular programs used in the process were JACOsub for the Commodore Amiga and Substation Alpha for Microsoft Windows. The dialogue was then translated into a script that was then timed to match the dialogue and typeset for appearance. VHS tapes or even a homemade recording could be used as well but would produce a lower quality finished product. First, a copy of the original source material or raw was obtained, most commonly from a commercial laserdisc. Įarly fansubs were produced using analog video editing equipment. The first distribution media of fansubbed material was VHS and Betamax tapes. Fansubbers typically form groups to divide the work.
The practice of making fansubs is called fansubbing and is done by a fansubber. 2.4 Distribution and playback (1990s, early 2000s).Example of karaoke typical in anime fansubs.
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